Free trade agreement: The EU and the UK want to agree on this – a country-to-country agreement that encourages trade by removing barriers such as goods taxes. On 15 November 2018, the day after the agreement was presented, several members of the government resigned, including Dominic Raab , Secretary of State for leaving the European Union. [28] EU leaders approve the postponement of the date of Brexit to 31 January 2020, or earlier, if the British and European parliaments approve the withdrawal agreement by then. After an unprecedented vote on 4 December 2018, MEPs ruled that the UK government was not respecting Parliament because it refused to give Parliament full legal advice on the consequences of its proposed withdrawal terms. [29] The focus of the consultation was on the legal effect of the "backstop" agreement for Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland and the rest of the United Kingdom with regard to the CUSTOMS border between the EU and the United Kingdom and its impact on the Good Friday agreement that led to the end of the unrest in Northern Ireland, including whether , according to the proposals, the UK would be certain that it would be able to leave the EU in a practical sense. The Northern Ireland Protocol, known as the Irish Backstop, was an annex to the November 2018 draft agreement outlining provisions to avoid a hard border in Ireland after the UK`s withdrawal from the European Union. The protocol provided for a provision of the safety net to deal with the circumstances in which satisfactory alternative arrangements were to come into force at the end of the transition period. This project has been replaced by a new protocol that will be described as follows. The UK government and the other 27 EU member states approve the draft agreement.
The withdrawal agreement provides for a transitional period until 31 December 2020, during which time the UK will remain in the internal market, to ensure the smooth flow of trade until a long-term relationship is concluded. If no agreement is reached by then, the UK will leave the single market without a trade deal on 1 January 2021. The withdrawal agreement is closely linked to a non-binding political declaration on future relations between the EU and the UK. The British Parliament passes a law requiring the UK government to ask for a postponement of Brexit if there is no deal with the EU by 19 October 2019. The agreement was revised as part of the Johnson Department renegotiation in 2019. The amendments fit about 5% of the text[22] The United Kingdom has launched the formal process of withdrawal negotiations by formally announcing to the European Council its intention to leave the EU. On the issue of the Irish border, there is a protocol on Northern Ireland (the "backstop") which is attached to the agreement and establishes a position of withdrawal which will only come into force in the absence of effective alternative provisions before the expiry of the transition period. In this case, the UK will eclipse the EU`s common external tariff and Northern Ireland will stick to aspects of the internal market until such an event is carried out. Neither party can unilaterally withdraw from this customs union. The aim of this backstop agreement is to avoid a "hard" border in Ireland, where customs controls are needed. [19] On 6 September 2020, the Financial Times reported that the UK government was considering drafting new laws to circumvent the protocol of the Withdrawal Agreement in Northern Ireland. [45] The new law would give ministers the power to determine which state aid should be notified to the EU and to define which products at risk of being transferred from Northern Ireland to Ireland (the withdrawal agreement stipulates that in the absence of a reciprocal agreement, all products are considered vulnerable).
[47] The government defended this approach and stated that the legislation was in accordance with protocol and that it had only "clarified" the volumity in the protocol. [48] Ursula von der Leyen warned Johnson not to violate international law and said that the implementation of the withdrawal agreement by Britain was a "precondition for any future pa